Nelson Rockefeller's Deepest, Darkest Secret: Not As Rich As People Believe

By Sam Pizzigati, Too Much: A Commentary on Excess and Inequality. Posted January 8, 2009.

Tis the season to be vetted -- if you're angling for a high-ranking post in the incoming Obama administration. Obama transition officials are currently quizzing hundreds of hopefuls, working to get them to reveal the deep, dark personal secrets that, if ever exposed, could create a distracting political embarrassment.

Vetting, of course, has been going on in Washington for years, and, last month, one enterprising reporter went around and asked veteran vetters from years gone by to reminisce about the secrets they had to work the hardest to pry out.

One of those vetters, D.C. lobbyist Tom Korologos, had grilled over 300 nominees, starting back in the Nixon administration. His most challenging vetting assignment? Probably Nelson Rockefeller, Gerald Ford's pick for the vice-presidency in 1974.

Korologos still remembers what Rockefeller, the grandson of America's richest man, told him when he started the vetting.

"I've got something to worry about," grimaced Rockefeller.

The former New York governor, Korologos soon learned, didn't want to publicly reveal his personal financial picture.

"His concern," the vetter discovered, "was that when it became public, he wasn't going to be as rich as everybody thought he was."

What had happened to the fabled Rockefeller family fortune? Taxes had happened, the steeply graduated progressive federal taxes on income and estates left behind at death that started going into effect in the 1930s.

By the 1970s, these taxes had systematically leveled down the Rockefeller family fortune -- and every other grand fortune amassed over the decades of America's original Gilded Age.

Beginning in the early 1940s and lasting into the 1960s, the federal tax rate on income in the nation's top tax bracket annually hovered around 90 percent. The top estate tax rate in these years, meanwhile, never dipped below 77 percent.

And many states had their own progressive taxes. In New York, the state tax rate on top-bracket income stood at 15.375 percent.

Deep pockets could, of course, deduct their state taxes off their federal taxable income. But those deductions, for wealthy folk like Nelson Rockefeller, didn't change the basic bottom line: The filthy rich, in mid-20th century America, were becoming financially leaner and cleaner.

Nelson Rockefeller passed away in 1979, just before the Reagan Revolution began undoing the progressive tax system that had so shaved his net worth. Today, the top-bracket state income tax rate in New York stands at a mere 6.85 percent. The top-bracket federal income tax rate has tumbled even farther, from 91 to 35 percent. The top-bracket estate tax rate: down to 45 percent.

Barack Obama, in his campaign for the White House, famously proposed to reverse this downward tilt in tax rates on the rich and "spread the wealth."

Obama, to be sure, didn't propose much of an increase, just a bump in the top federal tax rate from 35 percent to 39.6 percent. But the modesty of Obama's proposal in no way spared him from ferocious McCain campaign attack.

Voters, on Election Day, would brush this attack aside. But voter support for Obama, interestingly, has done next to nothing to change attitudes on taxing the rich among America's mainstream policy wonks and political leaders.

In New York State, Governor David Patterson, a Democrat, is insisting on billions of dollars in program cutbacks as the only viable answer to the state's growing budget deficit. In the process, notes Lawrence Wittner, a historian at the State University of New York in Albany, the governor is ignoring  the very dynamics that have driven the state into such deep budget red.

See more stories tagged with: taxes, wealthy, progressive tax, economic growth, tax evasion

Sam Pizzigati is the editor of the online weekly Too Much, and an associate fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies.

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