There's Still Only One Way to Counter Nuclear Proliferation

By Johann Hari, Independent UK. Posted October 22, 2007.

There has been a string of sweaty headlines from almost every continent on earth over the past month that might seem, at first, to be unconnected.

In Syria, a mysterious series of explosions in the desert turn out to have been an Israeli military strike which it claims was designed to take out the early stages of a nuclear weapons program. In Iran, the chief nuclear negotiator with the West has quit because he doesn't agree with the hardline stance of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

In Washington, the Bush administration funnels cash into developing "more useable" battlefield "mini-nukes." In Russia, Vladimir Putin has ordered Russia's fleet of strategic nuclear bombers to resume round-the-clock patrols for the first time since the fall of Soviet tyranny.

In India, the government has fissured and almost collapsed over the question of whether the country should enter into a nuclear deal with the US. In North Korea, dictator Kim Jong Il appears to be - perhaps - taking baby-steps towards giving up his nukes after a lot of bribes. And somewhere in the distance, Diana Ross should be singing, "I'm in the middle of a chain reaction."

These scattered stories are all fever-symptoms of the second nuclear age. In the first nuclear age, the Cold War, two power blocks faced each other, eyeball-to-eyeball, with a doctrine, however hellish, regulating their use of nukes: mutually assured destruction. You fire, we'll fire, and then we'll all die. Today, that world - with its mad MAD doctrine - is gone, and the odds of a nuclear weapon being used are swelling.

In the second nuclear age, we have mini-cold wars spreading across the world's hot-spots. India vs Pakistan. Israel vs (soon) Iran. North Korea vs the US (over Japan). And - back from the dead - the US vs Russia. Yet this time there are no hot-lines, no agreements not to fire first, and barely any plans to defuse the stand-offs, just 27,000 nuclear weapons, each one 70 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Some scientists suggest it would take less than 5 per cent of this arsenal to trigger a global nuclear winter.

Before he was assassinated, president John Kennedy foresaw the world we are now living in. He said: "I ask you to stop and think for a moment what it would mean to have nuclear weapons in so many hands, in the hands of countries large and small, stable and unstable, responsible and irresponsible, scattered throughout the world. There would be no rest for anyone then, no stability, no real security. There would be only the increased chance of [nuclear] war."

So how do we get out of this radioactive cul-de-sac? Kennedy had an idea. He ran in 1960 as a nuclear hawk, baiting Republican president Dwight Eisenhower from the right by falsely claiming he had allowed a "missile gap" to develop between the Soviet Union and the US. Then - in the Cuban missile crisis - he came within inches of overseeing a nuclear holocaust. After that, he declared: "The weapons of [nuclear] war must be abolished, before they abolish us."

He proposed a Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) based on a simple bargain. The countries that already had nuclear weapons would agree to slowly disarm in lockstep, and in return the countries without weapons would agree not to tool up. The treaty was eventually signed, after his death, in 1968.

It is still the best route out of our current nuclear crises - yet the NPT is being used as toilet-paper by the world's leaders. The Bush administration, for example, has ignored both parts of the bargain: it has buffed up its own arsenal instead of reducing it, and it has recognised and rewarded other countries for proliferation.

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