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The Meaningless Apology on Lynching

By Glen Ford and Peter Gamble, The Black Commentator. Posted June 17, 2005.


The vast bulk of black Americans see the "apology" for what it is -- a scam, with no substantial benefits, and less good faith.
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Why are some black folks so happy to hear an apology from people who don't mean it?

There are nearly a million African-Americans in prison - one out of eight inmates on the planet - a gulag of monstrous proportions, clearly designed to perpetuate the social relations that began with slavery. We demand an end to those relations, not an insincere, risk-free "apology" that sets not one prisoner free.

It is appropriate that the great anti-lynching leader, Ida B. Wells (1862-1931), who documented the murder of nearly 5,000 blacks at the hands of white mobs in the terror-filled years that followed the death of Reconstruction, be verbally honored by Louisiana Democratic Senator Mary Landrieu and Virginia Republican Senator George Allen. Yet both senators supported laws that will impose draconian equivalents of post-Civil War "black codes" on inner city youth, who will now be designated as criminal conspirators if they congregate in groups of three or more.

No thank you, Senators Landrieu and Allen - the crime you committed against us in May vastly outweighs your weak apology in June. You have guaranteed that hundreds of thousands more young black people will be interned in your gulag - a crime against humanity. And both of you are determined to commit more crimes. Should we ask for an apology in advance?

There can be no absolution for those who continue to profit from past crimes, and plot new ones. Lynch law was the effective law of the South - and, truth be told, the rest of the United States - and the "lawful" authorities sanctioned it by refusing to pass 200 anti-lynching bills. The terror of lynching created the social relationships that resulted in white households accumulating ten to twenty times as much wealth as black households - our collective national inheritance. An apology will not do.

Is that what our movement has been about all of these generations - to get an apology from people who became rich on our backs? There is a method to this racist madness, an assumption that African-Americans can be bought by a simple nod from a few white people. Some of these racists will not even give us a nod - the twelve or sixteen senators who did not join in the anti-lynching vote, all but one of them Republicans. The Republican Senate Leader made sure that no member would have to go on record against lynching. However, are we supposed to be grateful for a non-binding resolution that admits thousands of murders were committed with the complicity of the United States government, but that does not redress the wrongs in any way.

Where is the sense of justice in this apology? What do the descendants of the terrorized class expect? That wrongs be righted, or that those who have profited gain absolution?

Lynching was genocide

The United States Senate did not ratify the Convention on Genocide until 1988, 40 years after African-Americans circulated the petition, "We Charge Genocide," in an effort to make international law applicable to the U.S. By this time, most of the former Dixiecrats had become Republicans, and felt safe in blaming their former party for their own crimes.


Digg!

BlackCommentator.com co-publishers Glen Ford and Peter Gamble are writing a book on Barack Obama and the crisis of black political leadership.

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Lynching Apologies
Posted by: Beverly on Jun 17, 2005 4:14 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Thank You for putting things into perspective. There are way more blacks in prison for longer periods of time than other races. However, anyone who knowingly commits a crime has to know that they will go to prison. Best solution, be smart, don't do anything illegal!

I agree that a simple apology for "lynchings" does no cut the butter. But what other solution would be considered "acceptable"? Everyone in a Nation cannot be held accountable for the wrongful acts committed by a few individuals.

As a Nation, we should be ashamed of the continued "racism" within our borders. Our government portrays us as a Nation undivided, yet they fail too acknowledge the real truths of racism that stands out like a sore thumb and is seperating our citizens.

There are many goal orientated, intelligent, dedicated individuals in the black communities who are and should be "role models" for everyone. Damon Dash, Oprah Winfrey, Dr. Martin Luther King, etc., should be the inspiration for all people of color. Follow their examples, these people are true leaders that every black person should follow.

Way too many individuals have become intrigued by the "gang lifestyle", selling drugs, committing crimes which gets them nowhere except a jail sentence. It's time for everyone to become responseable for their own actions and quit blaming others for their downfall!

We lead by example! Become a positive role model and head our lost youth into the light and and towards positive direction, let them become the leaders of the future.

Beverly Bittner

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» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: nardo
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: Riverside
» Do the crime, do the time? Posted by: verdanteye@yahoo.com
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: bqtrain
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: jingoist
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: bbugs
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: Michiganman
» RE: Lynching Apologies Posted by: dlf
"Strange Fruit"
Posted by: windy on Jun 17, 2005 5:35 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Now how many people knew that while Senators Landrieu and Allen supported the anti-lynching apology they ALSO supported a recent law on inner city youth "who will be designated as criminal conspirators if they congregate in groups of three or more"?
There are so many rules and policies "quietly" being implemented into law and into the workplace rendering us more and more powerless and oppressed. It's very hard to voice dissent when you're in the minority opposing powerful institutions.
Our society today supports pre-emptive wars (with all the deaths and injuries and havoc and dishonesty), calling it setting up democracies and getting rid of terrorists. And supports a smirking, arrogant, fake man as our President. And we have "Christian" people (and their so-called morals) in power? And we (whites) once supported lynchings, we came out and cheered. What a history.

DemocracyNow had a segment, June 14th on this anti-lynching legislation as well, and included a segment on Billie Holiday (documentary) singing "Strange Fruit:"
"Southern trees bear strange fruit/ blood on the leaves and blood at the root/ black bodies swinging in the southern breeze/ strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees."

If more of us could join together, maybe we could make a difference.

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What's wrong with murder?
Posted by: howardadoughty on Jun 17, 2005 5:47 AM   
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As a Canadian who is unfamiliar with the peculiarities of the US legal system, I would like to find out why "anti-lynching" laws were important. On the surface, it seems to me that lynching = murder, so what was wrong with the existing criminal laws such that the crime of murder was an inadequate basis to seek justice?.

Was it a matter of giving alternate authorities the opportunity to make arrests and to prosecute the offenders in a manner similar to the passage of the law making it a federal crime to conspire to deprive people of their civil rights? I understand tnat this was marginally effective in instances where local or state authorities refused to pursue the killers of civil rights worker in the American south in the 1960s. Were proposed anti-lynching laws similar, or was there another rationale?

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» RE: What's wrong with murder? Posted by: cushniesr
» RE: What's wrong with murder? Posted by: Riverside
» RE: What's wrong with murder? Posted by: brothereast8
» RE: What's wrong with murder? Posted by: scwylder
why federal legislation would have helped
Posted by: Longhorn on Jun 17, 2005 7:26 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
To our Canadian friend: as some of the replies hint at, anti-lynching legislation would have allowed Federal enforcement of laws that weren't being enforced by local authorities. When Emmett Till was tortured and murdered in Mississippi in 1955, for example, African-Americans couldn't even serve on juries, let alone pressure District Attorneys to "investigate" horrific acts (I use quotation marks to indicate that in many cases, investigation wasn't required, as the community knew precisely who had committed the atrocity). Everyone in the courtroom knew who had tortured and killed that young man, but that didn't stop the jury from returning a not-guilty verdict within an hour (one juror later remarked that they would have returned the verdict earlier but they took a break to have a cold Coke). People introduced anti-lynching legislation all those times because they understood that those crazy, America-hating, latte-drinking, Blue Staters could more often (though not invariably) be trusted to enforce the law when local Sherriffs were often the ones committing the murders.

This is also, as I understand it, at least part of the more recent rationale for federal hate-crime legislation (that would cover criminal acts against other minorities who are at risk from majority tyranny, such as gays and lesbians).

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AN INCOMPLETE APOLOGY, LYNCHING IS NO LONGER LEGAL
Posted by: Betsy L. Angert on Jun 17, 2005 8:23 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Dear Glen Ford and Peter Gamble . . .

I was so gratified to see this missive. After hearing a soft spoken group apology, I too was overwhelmed with emotion. Can a group apology, one that was barely audible and long delayed, dismiss what still is. Lynchings, per se may now be illegal, belatedly; however, the actions and attitudes are still alive, though in an altered form.

I also wrote on this topic, citing the imprisonment of Black Americans. They are not only eliminated from society through incarceration; their assigned station lessens their possible success.

Please read my treatise and share your thoughts.
AN INCOMPLETE APOLOGY, LYNCHING IS NO LONGER LEGAL ©

Betsy L. Angert Be-Think

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"Some Apology. . ."
Posted by: monkeywrench on Jun 17, 2005 9:00 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Good point about Senators Allen and Landrieu honoring anti-lynching leader Ida B. Wells, while simultaneously supporting Draconian anti-conspiracy laws directed at blacks.

But isn't that what Congress is so good at these days– strutting and pontificating, while picking our pockets and picking apart The Constitution?

Maybe I read it wrong, but I don't racall anything in the First Amendment that made it selective, or optional.

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Apology is hollow
Posted by: billyboy43 on Jun 17, 2005 9:24 AM   
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The pictures and post cards (post cards made of lynching scenes to commerate and celebrate the event) of lynching scenes depict a cheering white crowd in a frenzied state.
The political junta that is ruling our country now is comprised of the extremely wealthy 'anglos' (mostly), bigoted middle and low class anglos, and the anglo, conservative, fundamental, religious people ( I hesitate to use the word Christian, as they do not exemplify the attitude of Christ - LOVE Your Neighbor as yourself - the word Christian originally meant 'little christ'). They are marching in time to conquer the world for 'their kind'. It has been reported that when the bombs were dropping in Iraq, killing up to 100,000 men, women and children in the war for control of the dwindling supplies of oil, Rove was walking around the White House singing 'Onward Christion Soldiers'.
I was raised in Mississippi on a southern plantation in Sunflower county (near Leflore county where Emmit Till was killed) in the 1950's and 1960's. I was the white son of the plantation owner. There were four of us boys about the same age, two white and two black. We played, fished, camped-out, rode the horse and mule, swam in the bayou and irrigation well pool - everything country folks done in that time and place - together.
On the first day of kindergarten I wondered where my two black friends were (the white boy was older and in elementary school). When Iasked my mother after class where they were, she said, 'You know Jimmy Lee and Oatsie Lee don't go to kindergarten.'
My first day of the first grade a year later, I found what segration was, and just didn't understand- two schools, one you could see up on the highway, and one hidden somewhere on the back streets - white and colored drinking fountains - one colored restroom at places that served the blacks out the back door - white only signs. When I befriended a white boy in town a few years later who had a small motorcycle, I leaned on him to take me to Jimmy Lee's and Oatsie Lee's school. He agreed, but he carried me to a vacant building one block away, and we entered from the other side of that building, I guess so nobody would see us. Separate But Equal - my rear end - you would not even know it was a school - the vacant building was in better shape than the separate-but-equal Negro school. I found that the only people the prejuidiced white folks hated more than the N-word people were the N-word-lovers.

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» RE: Apology is hollow Posted by: dlf
Playing into their hands - divide and rule: Wake UP!
Posted by: DaftAida on Jun 17, 2005 10:04 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Albert Pyke (kkk) was a practicing satanist and mason and should apologise for the lynchings. But he can't can he, for the obvious reason that he is dead as are his victims. and this is a dead issue. Ask yourselves, who benefits from keeping this issue alive?

Ordinary white people were as much slaves to the system as black, people of white skin are being made to carry the burden of guilt for those responsible for such atrocities as lynching. As a white anti-racist woman I have campaigned against predjudice and dated black men. I've been assaulted on four occasions, mugged twice and burgled by black people; male and female.
I'm talking REAL experience in THIS lifetime.

Seems to me that blacks have been primed and conditioned to hate whites. Overheard schoolgirls last week calling a bus driver "white c**t for absolutely no reason. A boyfriend had a hang-up about The Windrush, for heaven's sake. I pointed out that, at the height of 'The Empire' whites were routinely shipped to the colonies to work on plantations. I remonstrated that my grandparent perished in concentration camps yet I do not hate or blame German people for this; I'm not ignorant. Further, it's a truth that blacks enslaved blacks long before the opportunist imperialist whites arrived on the scene. Did it make any difference? No, because his whole sense of identity as a black man hinged upon this one event, long past, of victimhood. Why not identify with being a member of the common HUMAN RACE instead? Having compassion for all people with their own stories of abuse; for each and every race has them.

I see the lack of honest inquiry as lazy, stupid and racist. When a people reduce themselves to continual victimhood based on actions by others against ancestors, long dead, they perpetuate the agenda of division on behalf of the true and common enemy.When I consider re-incarnation, it becomes laughable: who did what to whom and when?

Those promoting tyranny do appear to have a racial agenda which is one race against ALL others; not white against black. But it's much easier isn't it to justify crimes based on race than take responsibility for your part in the attitude of victimhood you've been taught to adopt. Look beyond appearances and therein lies the truth.

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Can somebody, please, clarify for me?
Posted by: bonapartist on Jun 17, 2005 11:11 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
I find this article and its comments very interesting, especially those comments made by howardadoughty and billyboy43. As a European I am also not quite familiar with attitudes inside of the US towards Jim Crow laws etc. I studied secession crisis, the American Civil War and the Reconstruction so I am not completely clueless.

My questions are as following:

1) How is the racism, lynching etc. covered in US schools and popular culture today?

2) In 1848 – 49 the liberal revolutions were crushed all over the Europe by absolutist monarchies. Nevertheless the monarchs abolished the last vestiges of feudalism since the system was untenable. At the same time US was clinging to maintenance of chattel slavery, which is far worse then semi free feudalism. And if South won the civil car, or if the war never happened, the slavery would endure for much longer then 1865. I mean the reactionary monarchies of Europe were actually more progressive at that moment then the government of the largest republic in the world.

How is that discrepancy addressed in the US?

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Apologize with an education
Posted by: billyboy43 on Jun 17, 2005 11:17 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Free land from the Indians and free labor from the slaves. No aplogoy in the world can undo what has been done.
The way out of the ghetto and off the reservation is through a complete education. The American government should allocate 2% of its annual revenue to provide as edicational grants to the descendants of those whose land and labor were taken.

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» RE: Apologize with an education Posted by: bonapartist
Reparations
Posted by: nanobubble on Jun 17, 2005 12:12 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Words without actions fall on deaf ears. Essentially, they are worthless if you do not prove through action you are sorry. The only course of action that is of worth in this society is to seriously give consideration to the concept of reparations. It's high time that America paid for the sins of the father less they be revisited to the child, which they are to this day.

Peace

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New Chattle
Posted by: DavidTbone on Jun 17, 2005 1:25 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
The history of slavery in America is truly ugly. Sure there have been slaves in all parts of the world, but none were treated worse than in the US. In Europe it was possible for slaves to marry non-slaves and cruelty was unacceptable. In America the cruelty exists to this day.

In St Louis last week the police mased and handcuffed a grandmother for asking them if they had a warrant, as they were looking for her grandson. Of course the policemen were white, the grandmother was black, and there was no warrant. For all of their troubles the police received a day off without pay. Last year my wife and I witnessed two policemen brutally beat a kid in the alley behind our house. The 18 year old kid stands probably 5'6 and weighs no more than 175. The two cops were probably 6'2 - 6'4 and spent lots of time in the weight room. I watched as they used the long flashlights, their feet, and their fists. It was truly horrific. When they realized I was there they started yelling 'stop resististing'. It was too late. They already broke his arm, busted his eye, and he could hardly walk. The violent crime he commited you ask? He was smoking marijuana. Do white suburb kids on heroine get this treatment?

Urban black youth have a very unfair bias against them. The labrynth of poor schooling, low expectation, avoidance of gang membership, being subject of paranoia, and constant suspect is enough to drive these CHILDREN insane. I am talking about middle school aged kids who I spend over 40 hours a week with. The music they listened to, that is sanctioned by Corporate America, feeds them with dreams of bling and schemes. The schools are in complete disrepair, and the girls of hip-hop video do nothing to curb teen pregnancy.
Whites have to face certain truths that they wish not to. I am white so I don't want to presume I know whats best for the black community, but I know we all need to RESENSITIZE ourselves to violence. We ALL need to renew our sense of OUTRAGE. We should be outraged when a teenager is gunned down by another. The disparity of mortality rates in America is an OUTRAGE. Police brutality is an OUTRAGE.
It is an OUTRAGE that Congress would apologize for liscensing lynch mob violence while turning a blind eye to poverty, racial profiling, and police brutality.

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Bill Clinton Apology
Posted by: Campesino on Jun 17, 2005 2:46 PM   
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So would you be so unhappy about this apology if Bill Clinton had made it?

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» RE: Bill Clinton Apology Posted by: Longhorn
» RE: Bill Clinton Apology Posted by: Lindie
JINGOIST
Posted by: jingoist on Jun 17, 2005 3:09 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Maybe we could get Senator Robert Byrd (Democrat from West Virginia) to apologize for lynching. As far as I know he's the only Senator who was once a member of the Ku Klux Klan. A high ranking Kluxer to boot! Just two days ago I listened to an oldie but goodie from the Robert (KKK) Byrd archives of great speeches. In the speech he was railing against Rev. Martin Luther King for stirring up trouble and resentment among the "colored" folks and getting them in trouble. These fine "negroes" were doing just fine until that Mr. King came into Wash. D.C. and started "rabble rousing." It's almost like an episode from the Twilight Zone to watch the Dems. worship the old Klansman. JINGOIST

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» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: Joe
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: DaftAida
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: DaftAida
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: DaftAida
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: apodopa
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: mwanacomete
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: Asses of Evil
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: mwanacomete
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: mwanacomete
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: dlf
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: jingoist
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: dlf
» RE: JINGOIST Posted by: spyderbaby
Landrieu
Posted by: Joe on Jun 17, 2005 3:12 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
When I saw Landrieu was behind this I knew this would be all I will hear about come election time -- an empty symbolic gesture. Landrieu is an opportunist. Personally I think she could care less just like many of the other senators who supported the resolution. In the same way lynching and an unequal justice system was an issue amongst blacks in the past a poor education system and a unequal justice system are issues of blacks today. Unfairness represented the status quo in the past, unfairness represents the status quo today. I see Landrieu doing nothing to address this. The only thing that has changed after slavery and the terrorism (to use a bush word) of the KKK and other citizen terrorists is the mode of operation. Similar results, less blood on the hands. I wonder if Landrieu will be around in another couple hundred years to apologize for not addresing the issues in the black communites today.

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WHEN I
Posted by: Mewsician on Jun 17, 2005 3:16 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
read things like what I just read from Jingoist and Campasino, I am embarrassed to be not only a white person but also an American. How did we get to the place where people like this think and write the things they do. It's tragic and demoralizing to the rest of us that somebody not only thinks such baldly racist, idiotic things, but also spends their days looking for a blog like this to foul with such offal.

God help us all if these are the people in the majority today, which, if Bush's squatter's takeover of the Oval Office is any barometer, they well may be.

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» RE: WHEN I Posted by: DaftAida
» Jingaling, compisstino etc. etc. Posted by: Michiganman
BEYOND THAT
Posted by: Mewsician on Jun 17, 2005 3:22 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
there is the truth about what was behind that empty Congressional gesture - don't forget that the wretched GOP gained two percentage points in the black vote in November's election, and they did it largely by pandering to cash-starved black churches; vote with us, the moneychangers in the temple said, and we'll toss crumbs to you from the Office of Faith-Based Initiatives. Fortunately, I have since learned in talking with black friends that the GOP's chicanery isn't working all that well on the general African-American public. The anti-lynching thing was a disgusting exploitation intended to further that two-percent gain.

PS I understand the lone Democrat, Conrad of North Dakota, who is charged with not signing did, in fact, sign on to the resolution but was late doing so. No info as to why he didn't get in on time....

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» RE: BEYOND THAT Posted by: jingoist
Without Sanctuary
Posted by: artie on Jun 17, 2005 5:33 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
For those with a sincere interest, go to the "Without sanctuary" website. The website and the book clearly elucidate the 'Murders in Festivity' that are the signature of lynching - comparable to the Drawing and Quartering festivals of earlier centuries. ...
Oh, it's Sunday,..., I'm late for my Church... Just forget what I ever said!
Yours Sincerely,
All-of-us

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» RE: Without Sanctuary Posted by: DaftAida
Racist?
Posted by: Campesino on Jun 17, 2005 5:41 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Sorry, I didn't mean to upset people and I don't understand how what I said was racist.

I guess I was just surprised at the tone of hostility of most of the commentors here toward the Senate for making the apology. I mean, what harm is there in an apology? If most of the commentors had said the apology was great, but the Senate should also do more, I would be in complete agreement.

Why not take the apology at face value and then move on with the work that we need to do to eliminate the remaining racism in the US. How productive is it to condemn the apology as insincere and pick apart the motives of individual senators as many here are doing?

Let's acknowledge the evils of slavery and Jim Crow are gone (though not forgotten) and good riddance and look forward to doing the work we have to do to make this a racially harmoneous country

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» RE: acist? Posted by: DaftAida
» RE: acist? Posted by: dlf
» RE: acist? Posted by: Asses of Evil
» RE: acist? Posted by: Lindie
Mistaking a gesture for a deed
Posted by: Sojourner on Jun 17, 2005 7:45 PM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Gesture's are innocent or feeble or distractions. Yet they do draw attention. A legislator's words that do not become law are mere gesture.

In my city in the parking lot at a majority black high school graduation ceremony this week, shots were exchanged and investigators found a trail of blood. None involved have yet been indentified.

Are they connected? I believe so. Black on black crime has been systematically ignored. Racial profiling maintains ghettos. Tokenism rules. Those deeds try to teach folks they don't really belong. "Not one of us," sings Peter Gabriel's satire.

Yeah, divide and conquer. It's more than a shame. It's evil.

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a disappointing polemic
Posted by: hagwind on Jun 18, 2005 6:46 AM   
Current rating: Not yet rated    [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
Underneath the passionate prose, this essay is somewhat muddled. Glen Ford and Peter Gamble opened their article with this question: "Why are some black folks so happy to hear an apology from people who don't mean it?" In what follows, we learn virtually nothing about what any "black folks" think of the apology -- other than Mr. Ford and Mr. Gamble, of course: by the end of the article, it's pretty clear that they aren't impressed.

What isn't clear is whom Senators Landrieu and Allen were apologizing on behalf of. IOW, why have Messrs. Ford and Gamble built such a soapbox on this particular apology? Do I hear axes grinding in the background? Perhaps they had a polemic ready to go, about African Americans in prison and the effects of racism more generally, and this apology was a conveniently topical hook to hang it on.

It's too bad, because lynching is topical. Lynching was, and is, a form of terrorism, a way of keeping black people, and especially black men, in line and of asserting white power. Terrorism was no stranger to the U.S. before 9/11; what made the events of 9/11 unique is that _they scared the privileged white guys._ The ones who think terror is an acceptable tactic as long as it's not being wielded against them.

On the general subject of apologies, Aaron Lazare's recent book On Apology (Oxford University Press, 2004) includes some interesting discussion of public apologies. His thesis is that public apologies can, in the right circumstances, be effective even if they aren't sincere -- even when everyone knows they aren't sincere. It doesn't seem that Landrieu and Allen's apology for lynching falls into that category, but the criteria for public apologies are still worth considering.



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» runaway italics Posted by: hagwind
» apologies Posted by: hagwind
DaftAida
Posted by: DaftAida on Jun 21, 2005 10:26 AM   
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Hilter? I really don't think so and whilst your commente were intended to cause offence, I refrain from taking any, so there's no need for an apology and no cause for forgiveness.

Simply ignorance.

Isn't it time you had your diapers changed?

Bye kids!

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