No Water? Drink Coke!

By Naeem Mohaiemen, AlterNet. Posted January 17, 2004.

Several years ago, I was leafing through a health magazine and came across a piece about Coca-Cola. According to the story, Coke, like many other soft drinks, contains additives that eat away at tooth enamel. Ever since then, I've avoided all soft drinks. This habit presents an etiquette problem whenever I visit Bangladesh. Along with milky cups of tea, Coke-with-ice is the most frequently offered drink to visitors. My refusal of Coke is often seen an snobbishness, or some faddish "health consciousness."

This subcontinental love affair with Coke may soon change drastically. If campaigners assembled at this week's World Social Forum in Mumbai, India are successful, Coca-Cola will soon be hit by a global boycott of unprecedented scale and ferocity. Although the Indian Campaign to Hold Coke Accountable has already been in motion for a year, the WSF meet is globalizing the project. At issue are Coca-Cola's production practices in India, which are draining out vast amounts of public groundwater, turning farming communities into virtual deserts. Completing the cycle of abuse, the plants are also pumping out toxic sludge as waste product. The controversy has been aggravated by recent tests that showed levels of toxic substances in Indian Coke, which are higher than FDA-approved standards for Coke-additives in the US.

Organizers consider Coca-Cola to be one of the most abusive transnationals (TNC) operating in India today. They are particularly irked by the way that Coke, a huge foreign investor in India, has used its commercial clout to bully the government into bending the rules regarding local ownership.

After a year of Indian protests, Coca-Cola's PR department simply said they were the "target of a handful of extremist protesters." For good measure, the corporate website says, "Local communities have welcomed our business as a good corporate neighbor."

But at the end of the WSF, Coke may be facing an organized campaign that cannot be easily dismissed. One of the key benefits of highlighting the Coke case at the WSF meet is the opportunity to link up with similar cases worldwide and turn the project into a global boycott. Since international capital benefits from a borderless world, activists want to create a model where their clout is also increased by the free flow of information between world community groups. In the process they are linking up with campaigners in Colombia, who have targeted Coke for very different abuses. At WSF, the campaign has generated strong feedback from American and European organizers, many of whom see the red-and-whites of Coke as a symbol for businesses that work without accountability.

Draining Local Water

There are now several Indian communities that have lodged complaints against Coca-Cola factories. The most celebrated of these is the Plachimada village in Kerala state, home of one of Coca-Cola's biggest bottling plants in India. This was one of the first villages to allege that the plant was draining water from wells, drying up ponds and destroying the livelihood of more than 2,000 farm families.

Researchers found that the plant had drilled 65 bore holes into the ground, siphoning off a million gallons of water a day. In addition, they also found that Coke was washing bottles with chemicals which were then released, without treatment, into local ground water. British NGO Actionaid has investigated the village and concluded that it was a thriving agricultural community until the arrival of the bottling plant in 1998. Under pressure from activists, 300 of whom were arrested during various protests, the local panchayet announced that it would cancel the plant's operating license.

Coke has vigorously fought back against the allegations, submitting scientific studies and appealing the panchayet's decision. The plant manager, N Janadhanan, indignantly told the AP that, "The villagers are not suffering and we are not exploiting the water resource." But in admission of the severe crisis, Coke now sends around water tankers each morning to supply the villager's with minimum amounts of water. The company is appealing the decision in Indian courts, with activists also determined to press on with their demands.

Another dark spot is Mehdiganj (UP), where Coke built a bottling plant in 1995. Two tube wells draw hundreds of thousands of liters of ground water each day. Geologists have estimated that the company's voracious consumption may have lowered the groundwater level as much as 40 feet. The area's water crisis was further aggravated by the World Bank-funded Golden Quadrangle superhighway project, which shut off the water pipeline from a neighboring area. The Coke plant's proximity to the holy city of Benares has created further controversy. The factory's waste product was being disposed in a nearby canal that emptied into the holy Ganges River.

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