Internet Breathes New Life into Women's Media

In the feminist-periodical field, the news is both happy and sad. As some publications of the modern feminist era sign off, new ones appear, most often on the Internet, where their potential reach is far beyond what could have been envisioned by editors in the 1970s, lashed to their mimeograph machines, mailing labels and stamps that needed licking.

The downside of the online boom is the worry that historians will lose a documentary record. Without archives of bound volumes, or even microfilm, researchers of the future will have a hard time tracking trends.

Even with the blossoming online 'zines, journals and blogs (Web logs), the environment for feminist media is harsh. While they face some of the same challenges as other media -- drops in advertising and subscriptions in a bad economy -- many also contend with problems that do not affect large publishing companies. The volunteers who produce much of women's media are increasingly strapped for time; the founding editors are aging and there may be no one waiting in the wings. In addition, during this sagging economy, foundation support has become even less reliable.

"Things are definitely iffy for us," says Karla Mantilla, a longtime member of off our backs: a women's newsjournal collective and its only full-time staff member. Oob, as off our backs is known, was founded in 1970, making it the longest surviving feminist newspaper in the United States. "The only reason we're still publishing at all is we unexpectedly received a bequest."

Oob has always been a collective effort. Mantilla says the strains of a work ethic that keeps people at their jobs for long hours -- especially in Washington, where oob is based -- cuts into the time its volunteers need to write, edit, produce and mail the publication, as well as do the other essential tasks, including selling ads, raising money, and soliciting subscriptions.

"It's really tough to keep a social movement going when people are working so much," she said. "They just get exhausted."

Dynamics of Economy, Culture 'Seem So Overwhelming'

LOLApress, an international feminist magazine founded in 1994 and edited by women on three continents, announced it was suspending publication last fall after longtime financing from the Heinrich Boll Foundation ended. Regina Michalik of LOLA-Europe says LOLA will attempt to publish online while other resources are sought.

Ms. Magazine, which has served a mass market since its founding in 1972, also has been a successful high-wire act among feminist periodicals. It's had a series of owners, has existed with and without advertising, and has been back from the brink several times. In late 2001, Ms. was acquired by the Feminist Majority Foundation, from Liberty Media for Women, a group of women investors led by Gloria Steinem and Marcia Gillespie. Its headquarters was moved to Los Angeles and it has continued publishing, albeit sporadically.

In 2002 the venerable Sojourner: The Women's Forum again suspended publication (it has done so twice before, in 1977 and 1984), although its Web site suggests it will continue to have some presence. Fran Hosken has produced WIN (Women's International Network) News, an overview of information and initiatives for women in dozens of nations, for nearly three decades. She has announced that 2003 will be the final year for publishing a hard copy of WIN News; it is seeking partners to explore an electronic version.

Feminist Bookstore News ceased publication in 2000 after 24 years. At that time publisher Carol Seajay said rising costs, the brutal economics of the book industry and a need to secure her financial future all played a part in her decision. Feminist Bookstore News had been popular with fans of women authors as well as women's bookstore proprietors, whose numbers have declined sharply. In 1997, there were more than 120 women's bookstores in the United States and Canada; by summer 2001, there were only 74, according to the Feminist Bookstore Network.