Bailed-Out Banks Looking for Low-Wage Migrant Workforce

As hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars flow into rickety U.S. banks, public outrage has followed revelations that executives planned to spend the money on Vegas getaways, $35,000 toilets, and fat bonuses.

Less attention has been paid to how these bailed-out banks are driving down tech workers' wages -- and stoking anti-immigrant hostilities -- while laying off tens of thousands of workers.

Banks that took public money sought about 4,200 visas for skilled workers from abroad in the 2008 fiscal year, according to an Associated Press investigation. In response, Senators Bernie Sanders and Charles Grassley attached to the latest round of bailout funds a requirement that banks must try to find U.S. workers first, and not displace them three months before or after taking public funds.

Unions trying to organize the notoriously fragmented technical workforce hailed the restrictions. They note a government study from last September which found that 21 percent of the applications employers filed for work visas were fraudulent or contained violations. More than one-quarter of these employer violators failed to pay prevailing wages to foreign-born workers.

"In a situation where U.S. taxpayers are funding the rescue of U.S. banks, nothing could be more appropriate than to protect against having federal money foster these abuses," said Paul Almeida, the president of the AFL-CIO's Department for Professional Employees.

The top five banks receiving bailout funds have announced 131,700 layoffs since last summer, with thousands more expected. Unemployment among college graduates over 25 years old rose markedly in recent months, according to the Department of Labor. About 1.9 million educated workers were out of work in January, an increase of 800,000 in six months' time.

Gilded Cages

But workers in the tech industry and researchers who track the work visa program say the Sanders amendment affects only a small fraction of visa-holders who end up working for banks in the U.S.

The major abuse of the program occurs through "bodyshops," consulting firms that secure thousands of the 85,000 skilled visas available each year and then contract visa-holders to the banks, said Ron Hira, an outsourcing expert at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

"The banks are major clients of these offshore outsourcing companies, which then exploit the loopholes," he said. A government study, authored by the Department of Homeland Security last year, says bodyshops often force visa-holders to repay thousands of dollars in fees.

In Charlotte, North Carolina, a senior software engineer at Wachovia -- recently purchased by Wells Fargo -- said his company is replacing entire departments of local engineers through consultancies that bring in foreign-born workers.

He said they tolerate lower wages and live four to an apartment, but don't complain much because the pay is slightly better than in their home countries.

"The visa is meant to bring in somebody with talent to augment a U.S. business," said the engineer, a foreign-born worker who requested anonymity for fear of blacklisting. "It's not intended to replace an entire local industry, which is exactly what's happening in Charlotte."

Computer engineers across the country say visa-holders are forced to knuckle under at work because their legal residency here is tied to their employer.

"They tell them to work on Sundays and they do it, because they work or they go back to India. It's indentured servitude," said Kim Berry, a Sacramento software developer and head of the Programmers Guild, a professional association.

Among tech workers, open prejudice against foreign-born colleagues is common. But some point out that visa-holders have no bargaining power -- and that it's banks and big corporations, worming through the visa system's loopholes, that are coming out ahead.