How To Heal the Air

By Antony Turner, Resurgence. Posted July 1, 2004.

Because the air is largely unseen, often referred to as mere "empty space," we don't even notice it. We believe that the atmosphere is a "dead" and accidental mixture of inert gases. We forget that the air that we breathe and share has been built up over billions of years by bacteria, to support and sustain our living planet. We need reminding that carbon has continuously been sucked out of the atmosphere and buried in limestone, chalk, coal, oil and gas deposits by huge natural processes in order for life to multiply and survive.

Now we are reversing that process by digging and drilling huge amounts of these fossil fuels from beneath the Earth's crust, then burning them in our power stations, vehicles, aircraft, and industrial processes. The resulting increase in carbon dioxide is changing the atmosphere at "a speed and magnitude unprecedented to our knowledge, aside from large meteorite impacts," according to climate scientist Peter Barrett of the Antarctic Research Center in New Zealand.

In the last 30 years the scientific community has made huge strides in understanding how the atmosphere works. It is now clear that carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, is exchanged between the atmosphere, the oceans and the forests in a complex dance. It is undisputed that we are belching twice as much of this unseen gas into the atmosphere as natural sinks like forests and oceans can absorb. The result is global warming, increased extreme climate events, more flooding, longer droughts and rising sea levels. There is even the possibility of dramatic changes like the collapse of the Gulf Stream.

But regrettably the basic understanding of the carbon cycle is unknown to most people. Although we are aware of climate change, in reality we make little connection to our own energy-profligate lives, both personally and in the workplace. Our links with the natural world have broken down.

So what is to be done to heal the air? How can we start to live within the constraints of the only living planet we know? I believe there are four key actions that need to be taken:

• Greenhouse gas targets must be set by the scientists;
• A low-carbon culture must be introduced;
• Everything should be carbon-labeled;
• Carbon must become the currency of the 21st century.

Setting the targets

The targets set at Kyoto by the political community might be a useful first step. But if these are set within a framework of political negotiations they will only scratch the surface. As Andrew Simms of the New Economics Foundation says, "You don't negotiate how far to build a bridge across a canyon."

Nevertheless the UK government, for instance, has shown genuine leadership by setting a 60 percent reduction target for CO2 by 2050. Unfortunately the latest predictions from the UK's Hadley Center suggest that even the UK target is not sufficient. I believe therefore that we will not succeed in this task without getting climate scientists themselves, without interference from outside vested interests and politicians, to set targets which will protect the atmosphere.

Culture change

We need a rapid culture change around the globe, sparked by a huge communication initiative which is transformed by a new way of seeing ourselves within the environment, rather than outside it. The biologist E. O. Wilson writes: "The more closely we identify ourselves with the rest of life, the more quickly we will be able to discover the sources of human sensibility and acquire the knowledge on which an enduring ethic, a sense of preferred direction, can be built."

Antony Turner is project manager for the Business & Sustainability courses at Schumacher College, and director of CarbonSense.

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