Is Xanax Dangerous? What's Hype and What Are the Real Threats?

 

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The fact is that Xanax taken on its own is rarely lethal. Benzos in general are simply not very toxic, except when taken in huge amounts—as in a suicide attempt. The problem with the Death-by-Xanax headlines, then, is that not only are they misleading, but that they also confuse the public, simultaneously obscuring the benefits of this class of sedatives and their more serious dangers: their addictiveness. When prescribed to a chronic addict like Whitney Houston, Xanax and the other benzos are likely to become habit forming—and downright harrowing to kick.

In certain morning-after eulogies, Houston, who blazed trails as the first African-American R&B singer to take pop music by storm, was likened, talentwise, to Judy Garland, widely regarded by her peers as the world’s greatest-ever entertainer. Oddly, it appears the two women’s deaths share several distressing details—both perished at 48, from heart and lung failure due to a combination of alcohol and sedatives, in a bathroom, alone. 

The toxicology report on Judy Garland, who died in 1969, revealed that her blood contained the equivalent of 10 capsules of the barbiturate Seconal.

Ironically, when the first benzodiazepines hit the market—Librium in 1960 and Valium ten years later—they were hailed as a great advance over barbiturates for the very reason that benzos appeared to be far less toxic and therefore harder to OD on. But just as Seconal, Nembutal and other “dolls” bagged some of Hollywood’s biggest hides, including Marilyn Monroe, Jimi Hendrix and Tennessee Williams, so Xanax can claim a star-studded (and growing) roster of RIPs, including, Michael Jackson and Heath Ledger. These and the vast majority of other fatal overdoses involve Xanax taken, not alone, but with a cocktail of other psychoactive drugs and/or alcohol. Anna Nicole Smith OD’d on nine such drugs, including four different benzos.

Xanax, approved in 1980 for the then-brand-new diagnosis of “panic attack,” is America’s most (over)prescribed psychiatric drug, outpacing even the antidepressants that made us “The Prozac Nation.” Every year, doctors write more than 50 million benzo scrips—more than one per second—and 11% to 15% of all adult Americans have a bottle in their medicine cabinet, according to the American Psychiatric Association (APA). While only 1% are daily benzo users—denoting abuse or addiction—the prevalence of benzos is, somewhat paradoxically, exceptionally high in psychiatric and addiction treatment centers. These very addictive molecules are commonly given to alcoholics and opiate addicts to quell the existential fear and trembling that accompanies withdrawal during detox.